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Food
Tuesday, 10 November 2009
‘The only four-legged thing the Chinese won't know how to eat is a table.'

There is a common belief that we Chinese are willing to put anything in our stomachs as long as they are dipped in soya sauce. When I take my non-Chinese friends to a Chinese restaurant, they are always eager to try the ‘local' cuisines, the real Chinese food - ones our parents and grandparents cook, or ones where you have to really know your A-Z in Chinese food. However, the minute I mention noodle soup with cow tripe and tendon, they just run a mile.

barbecued duck headsNumerous high-profile TV presenters have broadcasted their shock when they sampled the unusual cuisines China has to offer. Steamed chicken feet in black bean sauce, barbequed duck heads(SEE IMAGE RIGHT), braised pig ears in garlic chili sauce, to name just a few. Although they tried to present the shows as more of a cultural eye-opener, the close-up shots of their nauseous expressions are probably what stuck with the viewers.

What these cultural travel programmes lack is an explanation of how these eating habits come about. Chinese people strongly believe wasting is a sin, and for the decades where China was still a developing country, poverty and famine taught us well. You ate whatever you could find. You would count yourself lucky if all you found was certain parts of a pig. After these harsh lessons, our theory of cooking became clear: you breed a pig, you slaughter a pig, and EVERY part of it is to be used: pig skin gives us leather; pig hair is used to make brushes; soaps are often made from pig fat. Once the domestic purposes are served, culinary purposes kick in. After all, we need to satisfy our stomachs before we can satisfy other materialist desires.

Let me introduce you to some of the unusual but mouth-watering dishes many non-Chinese might not be able to imagine:

Animal parts
Mixed cow body parts in noodle soup
A common fast-food dish in Hong Kong is noodle soup with cow tripe, stomach, intestines and tendon. The parts are stewed in a broth of cow bones, Chinese Five Spice mix and other herbs and seasonings. Stewing goes on for many hours to ensure the ingredients are perfectly tender and the flavours are strong. You can pick-and-mix the ingredients: brisket, tripe, stomach, tendon, lungs or intestines. There is no one visit to Hong Kong where I do not eat a bowl of these.

Chinese chives with congealed pig blood cubes
Think of a less complicated, cubic Chinese version of the black pudding, and you will have what we call ‘ju hom' (congealed pig blood). This is a popular Teochew dish that gets requested all the time in Teochew restaurants in Hong Kong. Chives and the blood cubes are cooked in soya sauce, aniseed and rice wine and served piping hot with a bowl of Teochew rice porridge.
Different ways in using congealed blood are also found in Taiwan, China and Korea.

Chicken testicle soup
Chicken testicles (gai zi) are now a definitely must-have ingredient for Chinese hot pot, with which you simply cook them in the broth. I would describe their taste as ‘tofu sausage', as basically there is hardly any flavour and there is a tough outer skin.

A more home-y way of cooking chicken testicles is a soup with Chinese wine (Shao Xin wine). My mum makes this for me every time she can get them from the meat markets near home. Chicken testicles are getting increasingly popular so they are harder to come by in residential markets. Most hot pot restaurants order them by the gallon. For the soup, chicken testicles are boiled in chicken stock and ginger; just before you remove the saucepan from the heat, you add a generous serving of Shao Xin wine and cook it a few seconds.

Alternative animals:
Snake stew

This is truly a winter delight. Yes, snake really does taste like chicken. There are numerous snake specialty restaurants in Hong Kong and you can spot them right away from their names, as they are all called ‘Snake King': Snake King Lee, Snake King Chan. Snake King Cheung.... The Hong Kong street-stall version of the snake stew is made of snake meat, shredded chicken meat and Chinese mushroom as the main ingredients. On every table there are two condiments: finely-shredded lime leaves and small Chinese crackers which you are free to add in as much or as little as you want. My bowl of snake stew is usually green 2 minutes after the shopkeeper brings it over with the lime leaves just swimming in it. Heaven!

If you want a more luxurious version, the tai shi five snake soup is the leading dish in the Chinese snake banquets. The difference between this and the street version is that the tai shi five snake soup consists of meat from five different types of snake, as the name suggests, and abalone (this is where the luxurious feel comes in). In all-snake banquets, every dish uses snake meat and you can really sample how the chefs can turn one ingredient into a variety of dishes, each with their unique taste and presentation.

Frog porridge
frog porridgeAgain, frog tastes just like chicken but it is a lot softer. I grew up with frog rice - my mum marinates the frog meat with soya sauce, salt, pepper, Chinese wine, ginger and garlic, and the marinated meat is mixed with rice and water and cooked together. Frog porridge is made in a similar fashion, only you would put in extra amount of water in order turn it into porridge (SEE IMAGE RIGHT). 

(Trivia: The Chinese often call frogs ‘tin gai'.Tin' translates to ‘cultivated field' and ‘gai' to ‘chicken'. It is thought that when frogs first came to the attention of Chinese farmers, they were not aware of their identification. They subsequently named them ‘tin gai' because they were animals that jumped from the fields).

Chinese mud field snails in black bean sauce
As you can probably imagine, Chinese mud field snails (Tian luo) are black. They are a far cry from the pretty French snails with white shells, and we do not cook ours in garlic parsley butter. Nonetheless they are still delicious and have a similar taste. Mud snails are harder to find in the street stalls in Hong Kong nowadays; the longest-running and therefore most famous stalls are located in Temple Street, Mong Kok, Kowloon. The snails are cooked in black bean sauce, chilies and bay leaves. Don't be puzzled when you either get given a couple of bamboo skewer sticks or find a whole tub of these on the table. These are not used as toothpicks, but as a tool to pick out the snail meat, just like the small silver forks you get accompanied with French snails.

There is a little technique when it comes to cooking and eating these snails. If you are lucky enough to be served the best mud snails in Hong Kong, check the tip of their shells as the pointy ends should have been cracked (often by the back of a knife). This extra step in the preparation ensures the snail meats can absorb all the flavours and allows easier maneuver when it comes to getting the meat from the shells.

Now comes the interesting part... when you are ready to tackle, try spotting the experienced mud snail eaters from the amateurs because the former should all be sucking the cracked tip of the shells forcefully before using the skewer sticks to pick out the meats. This is the quickest and most enjoyable way (for some) to get the meats.

Final words
Looking at the bigger picture, you can probably see how some of these "alternative" animals are treated as food. China has developed vigorously over the decade into the world's industrial giant. However, most parts of the country still rely heavily on farming as the main purpose of income. Snakes, frogs and mud snails are just a few animals that are found regularly in agricultural fields. When you are spending all day, every day in your precious farms that provide for the whole family, sometimes for a whole village of 100+ people, you start to get rid of animals that should ideally not be there disturbing you or destroying your crops. Hunger hits when your crops are not ready for harvest or when they are ruined by unpredictable weather, and these animals become your next-best thing to food after some experimenting.

Until the next time, my fellow food lovers, remember to love your food, treasure your food, don't waste your food. Bon appétit!

Joey Kwong


 
Comments
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flowerpower Posted 0:40 on 11 November 2009
Hmm. I think I'll take the table if you don't mind..
Tim - Pig blood cubes Posted 7:32 on 11 November 2009
Anyone know where one can get quality pig blood cubes? Most I've tried in London are too hard and not bouncy enough.
chinaman Posted 15:19 on 11 November 2009
this article is making me hungry!
flowerpower - bouncy? Posted 22:38 on 15 November 2009
Are you throwing them around the room or something?
Tim - re: bouncy? Posted 0:30 on 27 November 2009
flowerpower wrote:
Are you throwing them around the room or something?


Seen the Sony Bravia bouncing balls advert? I'll thinking of recreating it using bouncing pig blood cubes instead :)
yinnie Posted 0:15 on 28 November 2009
chicken feet for the win. I can't say that around my non-chinese friends. =)
Authentic Posted 12:32 on 1 December 2009
The best bits of a Penang 'Curry Mee' or often identified as 'Singapore Laksa' in this country and in Singapore is 'Pig's blood cubes'. Not surprising since the population of Teochews in these locations.

Another ingredients is 'Chicken blood'. What a waste that chicken's blood or duck's blood are washed down the drains. These were often set by the use of salt. The texture is more brittle than pig's blood but equally tasty.

Before the days of manufactured vegetable oil/soya oil/ corn oil etc; the only oil used in cooking is 'pig fat'. I recall each month my mother would purchase pig fat, and then rendered it down in a pot. The fat would then be separated from the crispy residue. These crispy residue is then use for adding to fresh greens, made into chutneys, etc.

Even today, the 'secret' ingredients in many 'chop suey' takeaways in UK used these crispy pit fat residue in their 'big spring rolls'.

Now the authentic chop suey is not 'beansprouts topped with whatever meat or prawns, splash with red or brown sauce'.

The authentic chop suey is a 'tail end' of dishes from a banquet feast. The unconsumed food are selected as to whether they should be included into a 'chop suey' stew. Salted mustard, chillies, dried tamarind fruit, cinnamon, aniseed star, mooli, carrots, and onions are added to the pot. The stew is slow cooked over two hours to acheive a delicious stew with myraids of flavours. This is the true 'chop suey'; not the version used in UK takeaways to represent our Chinese cuisine.

As to Snake, I remember a culinary moment with my grandmother. A 'Four Legged Snake' (direct interpretaion) was caught going for her chickens. This snake ended up in the pot. The gall bladder and the heart was extracted for medicinal purposes. The skin disappeared. The meat was steamed with chinese medicinal herbs and the family had a nourishing meal. (P.S I was the coward, that stood away from the feast because I saw how my grandmother dealt with the snake, and I was five years old).

Nowadays, we are so much removed from the real purpose of food that we ceased to treasure 'food'.
flowerpower Posted 22:57 on 6 December 2009
I love food. But I love animals too. Its hard.Id turn Vegan if I could but I think I would get ill
Clem Posted 18:20 on 9 December 2009
Both my parents are Cantonese, I have never sampled any of the above?? Although i know the chicken feet dish to be quite common. Snake stew and Frog porridge, these I would like to try. I love the idea that all of the animal is used with no waste. It makes sense to create the most value out of one life. Great article thank you.

Clem
Olhos de Gato Posted 11:31 on 16 December 2009
That frog congee looks wrong to me, is it Vietnamese?

The frog congee I know is not stirfried frog with soya sauce topped on plain congee, it's congee with the marinated frog (wine, sugar, salt, garlic) flash boiled for a few minutes at the end.
flowerpower Posted 22:20 on 22 December 2009
I think there could be lots of variations..
Howard - Chinese New Years Party Posted 15:53 on 9 February 2010
We are holding a Chinese New Years Party

Where can we buy some of the lovely ingridents above Frog Porridge, Chickens testicles all sounds very interesting
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