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And they lived happily ever after. The End.
I confess I’m a romantic. In my teens, I sneaked romances home from the library under the radar of my parents like they were contraband. My mother thought reading romantic novels was a distraction; I would be throwing away my studying and, therefore, my education – you see how her mind works.
I still believe in “They lived happily ever after,” despite the cynical swipes of life – the reality of terrible dates, heartbreak and failed relationships. Perhaps, because I did find my soul mate when I least expected it and after I crossed the threshold dreaded by British-born Chinese (BBC) women or rather their parents – their 30s. It’s as if in your 30s your parents suddenly wake up and panic because they have an “old maid” on their hands. In their thinking, no Chinese boy of good family will want to marry a woman of advanced years, who may not be able to give him a child (or in my case my mum never mentioned my real age!)
I wasn’t interested in marriage in my 20s; instead, I was absorbed in my career, buying my first flat in London, my social life, travel and new hobbies. In the background, an ever increasing line of questioning from parents, relatives and other interested parties or should I say nosy members of the Chinese community. “Have you met anyone?” and “When are you getting married?” were questions I constantly heard.
That was in the 1990s. What parental or community pressures confront today’s 30-something BBC woman, who may be dating? How does she feel about her single status? Do attitudes differ for the single BBC male?
But first, to put this subject into context, let’s look at the trends for single women (and men) in Hong Kong and China?
Hong Kong, where women outnumber men.
Hong Kong’s 2006 census shows there are 912 men for every 1,000 women. By 2036, the gap will widen to a ratio of 763:1,000. Given this statistic, you’d think that Hong Kong men would have a large pool of women to choose from in their marriage partners, but since 2001, there’s been an 80 percent increase in Hong Kong men choosing to marry mainland Chinese women.
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/IH09Ad02.html
In 2006, 28,000 Hong Kong men married mainland women as opposed to 6,500 Hong Kong women choosing a mainland partner. This dispels the assumption that Hong Kong women would look to find partners in mainland China with the ratio of men to women there of 119:100.
Many Hong Kong women, who are financially independent, well educated and assertive, don’t consider marriage as economic security and may hold negative stereotypes about mainland men being patriarchal and traditional. The 2006 census shows that Hong Kong women are choosing to live independent lives with a 43.8 percent rise over five years of unmarried women living on their own – from 127,001 to 182,648.
Alongside Hong Kong’s highly educated women choosing not to get married, there’s also a preference for having few if any children, making Hong Kong the bottom of the world’s fertility league with a total fertility rate of 0.98. (2.1 is the “magic” number called the replacement rate for a developed country to maintain current population levels without putting a strain on national resources.)
China and Romantic Pragmatism.
Historically, Chinese parents actively sought to make matches for their children and young people rarely had the freedom to choose their own spouse. Today’s China is a very different place with changing attitudes to love, choice, dating, and marriage.
In a 2007 survey of 24,107 women aged between 25 to 35 conducted by Yueji.Self, a Chinese-language magazine, over 60 percent of mainland Chinese women reported that “self-fulfilment” made them happy – for many this means career advancement and financial security so they’re not dependent on men – as opposed to 22.5 percent, who said “love” was the main factor that made them happy.
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-03/27/content_836867.htm
Another 2007 survey, this time of 200 people conducted by a Shanghai matchmaking website cited by the All-China Women’s Federation, showed about 56 percent of those surveyed said they wanted to remain single until they had found someone they desired and about half said they wanted to buy a place to live before they got married.
http://www.womenofchina.cn/Data_Research/Latest_Statistics/204833.jsp
In the same survey, 46 percent wanted to find love within their own social circle; 37 percent sought the help of social networking platforms and internet dating and their last choice, about 17 percent, was to ask their parents and relatives to be matchmaker.
It’s not surprising, with the Chinese social custom of introductions, young people are pragmatic about the rise of online dating; there’s no stigma attached to stating what you are looking for. Young people still listen to their parents’ advice on finding their future partners, but don’t want to discuss their relationships until they’re serious about someone.
However, parents are anxious about leaving it up to destiny or their children’s own efforts to find spouses. With the ratio of males to females being 119:100, parents are still matchmaking earnestly.
http://www.newstatesman.com/200606120034
In the words of Bridget Jones – Let’s talk to some BBC Singletons.
I talked to three 30-something BBC women – admittedly, it’s a small number and more views need to be garnered to get a bigger picture. Originally, I asked more to be interviewed, but they declined and those who were willing to speak wanted their names changed and family details omitted in case their relatives read my article. This tells me that the single status is still a sensitive issue in 2008.
Here are my thoughts on the context of being a single BBC. The British Chinese community is a relative young community with the bulk of immigrants, many of our parents, who arrived in the 1950s and 1960s from former British colonies. I know there have been new arrivals from mainland China and ethnic Chinese from other countries since the 1990s, but many BBCs are the children (and now grandchildren) of the majority Cantonese and Hakka speaking immigrants of the 50s and 60s.
Many of my parents’ generation are conservative and see their society through the lens of a patriarchal family, rather than wider British societal values (although, many now have become more modern over time). By patriarchal, I mean men being responsible for the public welfare and decisions of the family and women seen, if only on the outside, in more subservient roles as daughter, wife or mother.
As one of the first British-born children of those new arrivals in the 50s and 60s, I exceeded the expectations assigned to my role of daughter. I was the eldest, who was expected to help in the family restaurant, set an example and look after my younger siblings. Although, I was encouraged to study, it wasn’t necessary for me to go to university. It was more important for me to get a good job after my A-levels in an office or a bank and then get married to a nice Chinese boy of a good family and become a mother.
I exceeded expectations as one of the first in my extended family to go to university in the mid-1980s and, after graduating, to forge a trail in a professional career. However, like many of my peers, I often felt conflicted about being the dutiful daughter because family values clashed with personal fulfilment goals held up as ideals by wider British society.
BBC Women Speak their Minds.
I promised I would change names, hence, the three 30-something women, who live in the S.E., will be called Diane, Patricia and Lisa. They work in a variety of jobs ranging from retail to media. I want to thank them for their time and honest responses.
What pressures have you felt from your parents or Chinese community about being single?
Diane: “My parents only hope I can be happy. The outside world though seems to have pigeonholed me as an ‘untouchable’ because I’m at that age when I should be married with children. Therefore, as I’m not in a relationship at my age, it appears that something may be wrong with me.”
Patricia: “I never really felt any pressure from my parents that is, until I turned 30. The last couple of years, my parents (and grandparents) have been more direct about asking me if I’m seeing anyone and if not, why not. As for the wider Chinese community, I haven’t been aware of any social pressure. There are so many single ‘career women’ in Chinese countries that I don’t think it’s much of an issue.”
Lisa: “My parents do worry about me being unmarried at 31, since most women of my mother’s generation were just finishing having babies by this age! I’m fiercely private around other Chinese people as I find them judgmental.”
Is there a stigma attached to being a single Chinese woman in her 30s?
Diane: “It’s a status thing and affects family members who socialise within the Chinese community. It’s difficult for them to hear about their child/family member being slandered.”
Patricia: “Not so much stigma nowadays, maybe in the 60s and 70s. Women have generally become a more visible part of the workforce across many cultures and the strong, independent woman is more accepted these days.”
Lisa: “I think there is a stigma for many single BBC women, who want to meet future husbands. I’ve been to a few of those BBC pub meet ups and it always amuses me how the whole place is like a ‘meat market’.”
How do you feel about any pressures from parents or community and how do you deal with them?
Diane: “My parents are liberal in many aspects and now merely hope I’d get married. It’s painful how other people think about me. However, I don’t mix with the Chinese community (mainly because of their prejudices), but I do feel badly for my parents who socialise within the community.”
Patricia: “I usually fob off parents and family with how busy I am at work. Perceptions from the wider Chinese community only matter to me in so much as these may cause my parents or family any awkwardness.”
Lisa: “My parents are very traditional so I feel pressure to marry within the culture. But I think their expectations are unreasonable since they brought us to England in the first place, brought us up among virtually no other Chinese people, didn’t send us to Chinese school or expose us to the culture in any other way. I’m not part of a Chinese community so the only pressure I really feel or care about is that coming from my parents.”
Are Chinese women over 30 remaining single through choice or circumstance?
Diane: “We have higher expectations and desire different things to that of our grandmothers or mothers. We’ve seen many avenues through which we can venture. There aren’t as many restrictions for women in this day and age.”
Patricia: “I think through choice, though circumstance does play a part, especially living in a city, working late, etc. Most of us have been bought up with high standards and expectations so, like most women nowadays, we have high expectations for our partners in life.”
Lisa: “Overall, I have a strong sense of self and would never bow to peer, community or familial pressures, hence, the relationship choices I’ve made. To me, 30s is just an abstract.”
How are attitudes different toward single BBC males?
Diane: “Men have a higher status in the family and Chinese community as a whole. When young, they get away with a lot more than girls and this doesn’t appear to alter as they become older.”
Patricia: “They are given more leeway than single women to ‘settle down’. There’s an element of fear I’ve observed in parents not wanting to sour relations with sons so there’s more latitude in their line of questions and expectations.”
Lisa: “The double standard is what frustrates me the most – the way it’s fine for Chinese men to date around and sow their oats, yet the expectation for women is to be ‘pure’ until marriage.”
Speak your Mind.
Love and the Chinese woman – your thoughts are always welcome. What’s your story? Do you have similar views? Please share what’s comfortable for you below or email Susan direct at
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SUSAN S. CHEUNG |